Pantographic map drawing apparatus



Jam 9 1934. o. coRADl PANTOGRAPHIC MAP DRAWING APPARTUS Filed April 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. 9, 1934. o. coRADl PANTOGRAPHIC MAP DRAWING APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1929 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 9, 1934. .13l CORAD! 1,943,205

PANTOGRAPHLC MAP DRAWING APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 120 13a as Jan. 9, 1934. o. coRADl 1,943,205

PANTOGRAPHIC MAP 'DRAWING APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 9, 1934 UNITED VSTATES PATE-NT OF FICE PANTOGRAPHIC MAP DRAWING vAPPARATUS Oswald Coradi, Zurich, Switzerland 6 Claims.

The present invention relates to improved means to prepare maps.

The main object of the invention is to provide maps showing the landscape more graphically 5 than the usual topographic maps in which the lines of contour which indicate the elevation .of the ground are drawn in vertical projection and in a more exact manner than a birds-eye View map.

I attain this and other objects by reproducing the lines of contour Which indicate the elevation of the ground on a vertical projection map. by means of any suitable device on another map in such a manner that said lines of contour as 15 reproduced kare relatively displaced by a definite amount. The displacement may not only be carried out in a certain, say north-south, direction but in different directions from a medial line on the map. The map is preferably colored, light 2o and shadows might be applied to facilitate the reading of the map.

In the accompanying drawings preferred modes of construction are shown by way of examples.

In the drawings Fig. l is a top View of a device and Fig. 2 shows a side elevation thereof;

Fig. 3 illustrates in a plan View amodication of the device shown in Figs. land 2,

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of theY part shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 a section on line V-V of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 illustrates in a side elevation thev gearing for adjusting the device,

Fig. 7 shows in a plan a modified construction of the apparatus showing means to reduce the dimensions in one direction;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation and Fig. 9 a front elevation of the .same device,

Fig. l shows a modified attachment to an aero-cartograph and Fig. 11 is a front elevation thereto.

Thedevice shown in Figs. land 2 comprises two drawing boards or tables l-and 4. On the 45 table 1 a map 2 is fixed by suitable means.

AThe table l .is rigidly xedon arigid frame, 5 the table 4 is attached to a slide 20-movable in said frame as described later on. V'Ihedevice to reproduce the said lines isa so-calledpanto- 50 graph of known construction by which if necessary the lines of contour of the verticalprojection map might be reduced or enlarged.- The pantograph is constructed on wellk known princi'- ples. :It comprises a pivot P which is mounted 55 on ablock 21 `runningin a slide- 8 and adapted to be adjusted by a screw threaded spindle 6. The slide 8 is movably arranged in a guide 22 and may `be set byk hand by means of a spindle 7. By movingvthe pivot P with reference to the maps2 and 3 the position of the pencil 33 may be 60 varied according to requirement. On the pivot P two double armed levers 10, l1 are rotatably mounted to the ends of which themembers 12, l3are respectively linked. The members 12, 13 support a vertical tube 14 with magnifying lens Q5 15, by means of which the operator can' easily follow the lines of contour of4 the topographical map 2 fastened on the board 1. The lens 15 is marked with a cross produced by hair lines'` ,the point of intersection is moved along the lines `of (0 contour of the map 2 by the operator. l Otherwell known means might be used to facilitate following the lines of contours, with the centre fof .the lens. To the levers 10, 11 levers 30, 31 are respectively linked which are pivoted on a vertical hollow stud 32. In the bore of said stud av pencil 33 is slidably mounted bywhich the curves are traced on the map 3 fixed to table 4. `The pencil 33 is loaded by a Weight 34 and may belifted from the map by a, pin 35V slidably mounted in lugs of the stud 32. lThe upper .end of said. pin 35 abuts against a disk-36 attached to' the pencil 33, on the lower end of the pin 35 the one end of a flexible cord 36 is fixed. The cord36 runs over guide rollers 37, 38 vrotatably mounted on 85, the pivots of the levers 11, Bland 1l, 13` respectively. The other end ofthe cord 36 runs over guide roller 39, 40, 42, of Vwhichone is attached to a lever 43. The free end of lever 43 is close to the lens and arranged in such a mannerfthat thelens tube 14 and thellever 43 can be' moved'by Vthe samehand. While the operator follows the curve on map 2 with the centre of thelenshemay press on the lever 43 withone ringer and raise the pencil 33 from .themap 4 bylifting the pin 35. 95 The lever arrangement .per se is wellknown and forms a pantographinplace of which any other suitable system might be used.` The pencil v33 is pressed on the sheet or map 3 by the weight 34 as soon as lever 43 is released.

'AIhe table 4 formsV a .slide-20 which isguided in a slot 46 of a circular plate 47. '.In saidplate 47 ascrew threaded spindle 48 isrotatably mounted which engages a nut 49 of the slide or table 4. By lrotating said spindle V48V the table, 4 .ismoyed 105 in the slot 46. To rotate said lspindlefi a bevel gear 50 is fastened thereto which is in mesh with a bevel gear 51 fixed to a vertical shaft l52. On said shaft a second bevell gearl53 is Vfastened which is in meshwith a gear 54 onr ahorizontal 21,10

shaft 55 journalled in the frame 5. To the end of shaft 55 projecting from the frame 5 a disk 56 is fixed having a crank handle 57 and graduations on its circumference. Opposite the graduations a pointer is provided on the frame 5. The handle 57 serves for rough adjustment and a disk 59 for ne adjustment. By the disk 59 and a worm gearing 60, 61 the shaft 55 can be turned. By a scale on disk 59 and an index the amount for which the shaft 55 has been turned may be read off readily.

The circular plate 47 is rotatably mounted in the frame 5 on shaft 52 and may be fastened in its position on the frame 5 by means of clamping screws 63, 64 projecting through curved slots 65 of the plate 47. By means of graduations 86 on plate 47 and an index 66 on frame 5 the position of the guide slot 46 and the angle in which the map 3 is moved with reference to the centre line running through pivot P and centre o shaft 52 may be read off.

The centre mark of the lens tube 14 is brought over the curve on map 2 of which a reproduction is to be madeon map 3, the pencil 33 is released and by following the curve on map 2 a reproduction traced on the map 3 to be made. After a curve has been thus traced and before another curve is started denoting those points of a ground elevation being a certain distance higher, the slide 20 and therewith map 3 is moved for a certain distance and so on.

By the device shown' in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8 variable displacement is automatically eiected. Supplemental to the apparatus described above a slide is movably mounted on a bar 71 firmly attached to the frame 45. On an arm 72 rurning at right angles to the bar 71 a carrier 73 is slidably mounted on which the lens tube 14 is arranged. The free end of arm 72 is supported by a pin 74 which rests on the flat tcp of frame 5. The slide 7i) is provided with a rack 75 with which a spur wheel 76 is in mesh, which spur wheel is journalled in a lever 77. The lever 77 is pivoted on a shaft 79 on which a large spur wheel 8O and a pinion 81 is rigidly fixed. The shaft 79 is journalled in an extension 82 of the bar 71, the spur wheel 80 is in mesh with the gear 76 and the pinion 81 drives by means of an intermediate gear 83, a spur wheel 84 which is in engagement with a rack 85. The gears 83, 84 are mounted on a lever S6 pivoted on stud 73. The rack 85 is slidably mounted in dovetail grooves of the bar 71, it is provided with a lug 87 which is linked by `a pin 88 to the table 1 carrying the map to be reproduced. The table 1 is slidably mounted on the frame 5, one ledge 89 of the table engages a groove 90 in the table thus guiding the table 1 in a straight path.

By moving the centre of the lens 15 over a line of contour on the map 3, the carrier 73 slides along the arm 72 and/or moves the arm 72 and therewith the slide 70 on the bar 71. The motion of the lens tube 14 in the direction of arm 72 and normal to it is transmitted by the levers 10, 11, 12, 13 to the pencil 33 in the manner described above but only the motion of the lens 15 in the direction normal to arm 72 is transmitted to the slide 70. The rack 75 on slide 70 rotates spur wheels 76, 80, 81, 83 and 84. The gear 84 moves the rack 85 and therewith the table 1 in an opposite direction to the lens 15 and in va measure which might be varied by changing theAgears 76, 83, 84. The dimensions of a line of contour running at right angles to the arm 72 will be reduced in size while the dimensions running parallel to the guide of carrier 73 will not be diminished. A circle for instance on the map 2 would be reproduced by the pencil 33 as an ellipse and the lines of contour are reproduced as they appear to the eye if viewed from above. The working of the apparatus corresponds otherwise to that described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.

The Figs. 7 to 9 show a modied construction of the apparatus by means of which linear polar 85 perspective or point polar perspective dispiacements might be produced.

On the bar of the frame 5 a cross-slide 130 is slidably mounted having a projection 129 running at right angles to the bar 71. On said projection 129 a guide bar 122 is arranged on which the carrier 122a is slidably mounted. On said carrier the lens tube 14, 15 is arranged, moreover the members 12, 13 of the pantograph are linked to said carrier. The movements of the carrier 122 are transmitted by said members 12, 13 to the pencil 33 (not shown in the drawings), in the manner described with reference to Figs.

1 and 2. A bar 121 is linked to the carrier 122 by means of abolt 123. The bar 121 slides freely in a sleeve 124 which is rotatably mounted on a support 128 which support is adjustably fastened on a ledge 101 oi the bar 71. A link 138 interconnects the support 128 the slide 13G, the connection is made by a screw 137. In the sleeve 124 a rod 131 is slidably mounted running parallel to the bar 121. rEhe bar 121 and the rod 131 are each provided with a rack and with the said two racks two spur wheels 127 are in engagement fixed to a common shaft 104 rotatably mcunted in the sleeve 124. The two gears 127 have different pitch diameters and the motion of the lens tube 14, 15 parallel to the bar 7l is transmitted in a reduced measure to the rod 131. On the rod 131 a sleeve 132 is adjustably fastened by means of a set screw 135. The sleeve 132 is provided with a stud 183 engaging `a bore of a flat support on which the map 2 is fastened. The support 120 is slidably mounted on the table 119 and is guided by projections 118 running in a groove 117 of the table 119. The said table 119 is slidably mounted on the flat top of the frame 5. The sleeve 132 is set on the rod 131 afterl a line of contour is made and is displaced on the rod 131 according to the dis- 125. placement desired of the lines of contours. A graduation on rod 131 and an index on sleeve 132 facilitates the adjustment.

The maps according to the present invention might be produced by means of the so-called`13() aerocartigraphs that is with such apparatus to produce maps by determining the special configuration or position in space of objects say mountains etc. by means of photographs taken from different points by the aerial machines and em- 135 ployed in pairs, each photograph of the pair showing the objects to be located and also certain points the exact location of which in space is known. Such apparatus for copying from a pair of photographs and to obtain the lines of 14g height or of configurations are very well known and need not be described here. The new device to obtain the new map according to the present invention forms an attachment or additional device and by applying the new device not only ordinary topographical maps showing the lines of configuration or of height in vertical projection might be produced but simultaneously maps with'the displacement of consecutive lines of height in any desired direction.

In Figs. 10 and 11 a further modification is shown to trace a relief map from two photograms. In the drawings the cartograph is not shown, as any construction now on the market might be used, for instance Wilds cartograph, Zeiss cartograph and so on. The device comprises the table 4 which is constructed and mounted in the manner as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The pencil 156 is mounted in a carrier 155 slidably arranged on the arm 145 of a slide 154. The carrier 155 and the slide 154 are moved at right angles to each other, the carrier 155 is moved by a screw threaded spindle 146 engaging a nut 147 on the carrier. At one end of the spindle 146 a bevel gear 148 is xed which is in mesh with a bevel gear 148 of a shaft 149 journalled in the frame 5 and running parallel to a screw threaded spindle 150 by which the slide 154 is moved. The said slide 154 runs in guides of the frame 5. To rotate shaft 149 a differential gear 157, 158, 159 is provided which is driven by a shaft 151. The shafts 150, and 151 are connected with the aero-cartograph, by simultaneously moving both shafts 149, 150 the pencil 156 traces for instance a line of height. With the gear 157 a spur wheel 162 meshes which is iiXed to a shaft 152 journalled in the frame 5. The shaft 152 is coupled with the height adjustment spindle of the cartograph in such a manner that by adjusting the cartograph to trace a line of height of a certain altitude the table 4 is displaced by the differential gear 157-159. The same effect might be got by connecting the shaft 55 by means of a gear 150 and shaft 153 with the height adjustment spindle of the cartograph. The new device might be used as a supplemental device of any aero-cartograph actuating an ordinary coordinatograph in such a manner that besides a topographical map with vertical projection of the lines of heights a relief map according to the invention is traced from the photograms.

I am aware the numerous details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and I therefore do not purpose limiting the patent granted otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

What I claim and wish to secure by U. S. Letters Patent isz- 1. In an apparatus for producing maps by tracing lines of heights and displacing consecutive lines of heights denoting points of equal altitudes a movable table adapted to receive the original sheet, a second table adapted to receive the copy-sheet, a pantograph to trace the lines of the original-sheet on the copy sheet said pantograph having a lens tube over the first named table and a pencil over the second table, means to displace the said tables with reference to each other, saidmeans comprising a slide, a guide for said slide, means interconnecting said rst named table with said slide, said means giving to the table a motion in opposite direction to the motion of the slide and in a predetermined ratio.

2. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a pantograph having a substantially centrally arranged anchor point, a tracer point at one end and a reproducing point at the other end; means to shift the anchor point in either of two directions at an angle to each other, a copy holding element, and means to so shift said copy holding element as to vary the distance between any point on the said element and the anchor point, as may be desired.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, in Which the copy holding element is revoluble.

4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, including a revoluble support for the copy holding element and means to shift said copy holding element laterally on said revoluble support.

5. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a table to receive an original sheet, a second table to receive a copy sheet, a pantograph having a lens tube at one end arranged over the irst named table and provided with a tracer point, and a pencil holder at the other end arranged over the second table, an anchor point pivot for the pantograph arranged between the tracer point and the pencil holder, and a supporting member for the second table, mounted for angular adjustment and on which said second table is laterally adjustable.

6. In pantographic apparatus, a base, a relatively Xed plate thereon, a slide movable transversely across the plate, a table on said slide, a vertical shaft arranged centrally of the plate and mounted for rotation, a screw mounted for rotation and geared to said vertical shaft, a horizontal shaft geared to the vertical shaft for operating the same and a travelling nut iiXed to the table and engaged by the screw for causing the table to be shifted when said screw is rotated, the vertical shaft forming the pivotal axis for the plate and permitting the latter to be turned to correspondingly adjust the table.

OSWALD CORADI. 

